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On the early morning of Wednesday, 30 July 2014, Juma Tahir (; ), the imam of China's largest mosque, the Id Kah Mosque in northwestern Kashgar, was stabbed to death by three young male Uyghur extremists. Tahir was appointed by the Communist Party and supportive of Chinese government policies in the region.〔 He had been a voice for peace in the insurgency involving the Uyghurs and the Han Chinese in the region. Partly, the conflict has been fueled by severe restrictions on the practice of Islam in the area.〔〔 quote: Heiner Bielefeldt, U.N. rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, told a news briefing China's actions against the Uighurs were "a major problem.... for instance, intimidation during Ramadan - children in schools were expected to break their fasting on Ramadan," 〕〔 Since the mid-1990s, the traditional methods for appointing Imams have been replaced by appointments by the state, and assassination of religious leaders who have escalated. Religious leaders across denominations condemned the attack against imam Tahir.〔 ==Background== Since 1990, the Chinese government has disallowed Uighur Muslims from selecting the imams of their mosques. All Imams are appointed and paid a salary by the government. This follows the practice in China, where clergy are considered "religious professionals" and are subject to various regulations from the government.〔 quote: What was new (the application of such notions to Tibet/Xinjiang ) was the degree of enforcement and the unusual level of political assertiveness and aggression involved in that enforcement.〕 In certain parts of Xinjiang, women, government officials, students, and youth under 18 are banned from attending services〔 〕 and officials and students are not allowed to observe the Ramadan fast, and passports of all Uighurs have been impounded to control Hajj pilgrimage trips. Different Muslim ethnic groups in different regions are treated differently by the Chinese government in regards to religious freedom. Religious freedom is present for Hui Muslims, who can practice their religion, build Mosques, and have their children attend Mosques, while more controls are placed specifically on Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Hui Muslims who are employed by the state are allowed to fast during Ramadan unlike Uyghurs, and increasing numbers of Hui are going on Hajj, while Uyghurs find it difficult to get passports. During a 1989 protest by Hui Muslims in Lanzhou and Beijing, the Chinese police provided protection to the protestors and vandalizers were let off lightly.〔(Gladney 1991 ), p. 2.〕〔(Bulag 2010 ), p. 104.〕〔(Sautman 2000 ), p. 79.〕 The Hui do not have a separatist movement, unlike the Uyghurs, Although religious education for children is officially forbidden by law in China, the Communist party allows Hui Muslims to violate this law and have their children educated in religion and attend Mosques while the law is enforced on Uyghurs. After secondary education is completed, China then allows Hui students who are willing to embark on religious studies under an Imam.〔(ALLÈS & CHÉRIF-CHEBBI & HALFON 2003 ), p. 14.〕 China does not enforce the law against children attending Mosques on non-Uyghurs in areas outside of Xinjiang. Hui religious schools are allowed a massive autonomous network of mosques and schools run by a Hui Sufi leader was formed with the approval of the Chinese government even as he admitted to attending an event where Bin Laden spoke.〔Savadove, Bill. 2005. ("Faith Flourishes in an Arid Wasteland; Muslim Sect in Ningxia Accepts Beijing's Authority and Is Allowed to Build a Virtual Religious State." ) ''South China Morning Post'', August 17.〕 Uyghur views vary by the oasis they live in. China has historically favored Turpan and Hami. Uyghurs in Turfan and Hami and their leaders like Emin Khoja allied with the Qing against Uyghurs in Altishahr. During the Qing dynasty, China enfeoffed the rulers of Turpan and Hami (Kumul) as autonomous princes, while the rest of the Uyghurs in Altishahr (the Tarim Basin) were ruled by Begs.〔(Rudelson & Rudelson 1997 ), p. 31.〕 Uyghurs from Turpan and Hami were appointed by China as officials to rule over Uyghurs in the Tarim Basin. Turpan is more economically prosperous and views China more positively than the rebellious Kashgar, which is the most anti-China oasis. Uyghurs in Turpan are treated leniently and favourably by China with regards to religious policies, while Kashgar is subjected to controls by the government.〔(Rudelson & Rudelson 1997 ), pp. 46-7.〕〔(''Central Asia Monitor'' 1993 ), p. 19.〕 In Turpan and Hami, religion is viewed more positively by China than religion in Kashgar and Khotan in southern Xinjiang.〔(Mackerras 2003 ), p. 118.〕 Both Uyghur and Han Communist officials in Turpan turn a blind eye to the law and allow religious Islamic education for Uyghur children.〔(Svanberg & Westerlund 2012 ), p. 202.〕〔(Rudelson & Rudelson 1997 ), p. 81.〕 Celebrating at religious functions and going on Hajj to Mecca is encouraged by the Chinese government, for Uyghur members of the Communist party. From 1979-1989, 350 mosques were built in Turpan.〔(Rudelson & Rudelson 1997 ), p. 129.〕 Han, Hui, and the Chinese government are viewed much more positively by Uyghurs specifically in Turpan, with the government providing better economic, religious, and political treatment for them.〔(Svanberg & Westerlund 2012 ), p. 205.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Assassination of Juma Tayir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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